Juxtaposing African tradition with modern ideologies

Juxtaposing African tradition with modern ideologies

‍Ng'onga Silupya

Ignited by the idea to relate the Yoruba moral philosophy 'Iwa I ewa' to the South African concept of Ubuntu and using visual symbols to respond to the xenophobic violence perpetrated against migrants in South African society, Samuel Oyebod, a renowned Nigerian contemporary Yoruba artist, is known for his impactful storytelling and insightful narratives. 

Oyebode’s work delves into themes of Ubuntu, identity, culture, and societal issues, blending the rich tradition of Yoruba heritage with the knottiness of modernity to offer a unique perspective that resonates with both African and global audiences. Oyebode's artistry is celebrated for its depth, authenticity, and ability to provoke thought, sparking meaningful conversations about identity and culture.

Oyebode navigates the complexities of anti-immigrant sentiments that have birthed xenophobia. In this sense, his work is deeply rooted in Yoruba moral philosophies, particularly the concept of 'iwa l’ewa,' which translates to 'character is beauty', aditu (balance and harmony), and omo lu abi (the importance of heritage). The artist is influenced by the likes of El Anatsui and Moyo Okediji, both artists renowned for their exploration and expression of traditional symbols, materials, and socio-political issues within African society. Okediji’s focus on Yoruba symbols resonates with Oyebode's heritage, while Anatsui's large-scale works inspire his appreciation for ambitious, expansive artistic projects.

Oyebode’s work blends traditional symbols and materials with contemporary issues, creating a visual language that resonates with both African and non-African audiences. Influenced by the unfortunate events happening on the continent, he sources his inspiration from socio-political challenges against African moral philosophy in his environment. 

This philosophical notion explores the inherent qualities that determine good or bad character in historical Yoruba society. Oyebode believes that the principles of 'iwa l’ewa' and 'Ubuntu' are traditional knowledge systems that support the objectives of African humanist philosophy. Both philosophies emphasise the importance of human relationships and communication—fundamental aspects of African community life.

Oyebode's journey as a storyteller is deeply rooted in his Nigerian heritage. Growing up in a culturally rich environment, he was influenced by the traditions, history, and societal dynamics around him. These early experiences played a significant role in shaping his perspective and approach to storytelling. 'I draw my inspiration from social political challenges in my environment that are against African moral philosophy,' Oyebode explains. This upbringing allowed him to weave together themes of tradition and modernity, providing a rich narrative tapestry that explores the complexities of human experiences.

Oyebode's formal education in art began at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) in Nigeria, where he focused on the fundamentals of art. His artistic journey further evolved during his studies at the University of Pretoria and the University of Johannesburg in South Africa, where he pursued his third-year studies and Master’s degree, respectively. These experiences allowed him to discover his artistic voice, integrating Yoruba philosophy with contemporary artistic expression.

Now residing in the UK, Oyebode continues to merge Yoruba philosophy and contemporary art. With a passion for exploring new materials and techniques, he combines indigenous materials like traditional dyes, local wax, and un-stretched fabric with acrylic and oil paints, adding depth and texture to his work. This is evident in ONA(Beauty) (2018). Driven by the unquenchable desire to tackle social challenges, Oyebode does not just paint; he is motivated to create artworks that bring peace by communicating and spreading relevant information. He believes that his work is a reminder of African values, educating Africans and non-Africans on the important traditions in African society and moral philosophy.

Oyebode’s paintings are vibrant and expressive. His use of bold colours and intricate detail brings his subjects to life on canvas. In the exhibition catalogue for African:

The land for Ubuntu and iwa l ewa? (2020), held at Guns & Rain, he explains: 

Each colour narrates Yoruba traditional meanings. My use of colour follows traditional religious classifications and interpretations of colours in Yoruba society. Blue and purple are classified among dark colours in which the colour indexes the depth of the knowledge and wisdom of the deity known as Orunmila. Red symbolises power and is used most in rituals as shrines to honour the deities. Yellow colour narrates in ifa divination that yellow is used to review the complexities and mysteries of life. [1]

Social challenges are a primary motivator in Oyebode’s creative endeavours. Each artwork is a response to specific social issues, aimed at fostering awareness and encouraging dialogue. His work often addresses pressing issues such as xenophobia, having experienced it firsthand in South Africa. In recent years, xenophobic attacks have been a concerning issue in various African countries, leading to violence and discrimination against immigrants. Oyebode's work sheds light on these incidents, highlighting the impact of xenophobia on individuals and communities. His paintings depict the emotions and struggles faced by affected individuals, as can be seen in Asiri (2019), which means ‘hidden secret’. Through his art, Oyebode highlights the importance of unity and understanding in the face of discrimination, challenging viewers to confront and reflect on the harmful effects of xenophobia in society. 

He uses his art to rebuild and reconstruct a communal spirit that is grounded in African humanist philosophy. His visual art serves as a tool to transcend cultural and linguistic barriers, fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of shared African values. Oyebode aims to promote the Yoruba principles of 'iwa-pele' (calm character), 'suuru' (patience), 'imoju-mora' (sensibility), 'ifarabale' (calmness), 'iluti' (good hearing), and 'tito' (preservation of culture) in order to promote love, humanism, communalism and Ubuntu in South Africa and other African societies; a powerful testament to the enduring relevance of African moral philosophies.

In We Are One (2019), Oyebode incorporates the colour blue, 'iwa' and 'iwa-pele' symbols in this series to disclose Yoruba people’s narrative with regard to Orunmila’s intention on the importance of understanding one another to create a culture of communalism that contextualises Ubuntu in society. His work not only preserves and celebrates Yoruba traditions but also addresses contemporary social challenges, making a significant contribution to both the art world and society at large. 

Through his creative practice, Oyebode continues to educate, inspire, and foster a spirit of communalism and humanism in African and global contexts. His art serves as a bridge between the past and the present, tradition and modernity, offering a transformative vision of a more inclusive and compassionate society.

Endnotes:

[1] Guns & Rain. 2020. African: The land for Ubuntu and iwa l ewa?. Exhibition catalogue. Available online: https://gunsandrain.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Catalogue-A4-min.pdf

‍Images courtesy of Guns & Rain.

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